Archive for the ‘Justice Debra Stephens – Concur in Majority’ Category

WA Supreme Court: Firearm enhancements on same conduct run consecutively

January 28, 2010

State v. Mandanas

Mandanas was charged with felony assault and felony harassment in an incident. The court doesn’t get too much into facts, but I’ll take their word for it. Because the charges involved a firearm, he picked up two enhancements. The enhancement statute is worded such that seems to clearly anticipate the possibility of multiple  enhancements in the case of multiple offenses.” State v. DeSantiago, 149 Wn.2d 402, 423, 68 P.3d 1065 (2003) (Madsen, J. concurring in part, dissenting in part). Mandana argued that the sentencing statute precluded multiple enhancements. However, the sentencing statute deals only with calculating previous offense scores.

While armed with a firearm, Mandanas committed two offenses. Each offense was eligible for a firearm enhancement. For the reasons stated above, both of Mandanas’s enhancements are mandatory and they must be served consecutively. We affirm the Court of Appeals.

WA Supreme Court: Mandatory Joinder exception applies to Andress cases

January 28, 2010

State v. Gamble

Under the mandatory joinder rule, two or more criminal offenses must be joined if related. Under Andress felony murder charges were invalidated, and many were retried on lesser offenses for the murders. The Defendants (consolidated cases) claimed this violated the mandatory joinder rule. The State contends that this fits into the exception to the MJ rule — that is, to meet the ends of justice.

The court applied the ‘extraordinary circumstances’ requirement of CR 60(b) analogously and determined that Andress was definitely extraordinary.

However, one of the requirements of application is that the extraordinary circumstance be “extraneous to the action of the court.” Here, the court skims over and says it was in fact extraneous.

I beg to differ. Just because it wasn’t the trial court, doesn’t mean that it wasn’t the court. After all, it was the Washington Supreme Court that took on Andress.

That said, I still agree with the result.

WA Supreme Court: Firearm enhancement does not merge with 2d degree possession of a firearm

January 22, 2010

State v. Kelley

Under double jeopardy, you can’t be convicted of the same conduct twice. However, under the same conviction, you may have multiple punishments. Therefore, a firearms enhancement is only a second punishment on the single conviction, not a second conviction. Thus, a firearm enhancement may be added to a 2d degree possession of a firearm.

Washington Supreme Court: Well founded suspicion of probation violation enough to garner bench warrant

January 22, 2010

State v. Erickson

Erickson was convicted and sentenced to probation. The court received notice that, “Erickson had failed to report to the probation department and had failed to enroll in treatment.” Based on the notice, the court scheduled a probation violation hearing. Guess who didn’t attend and had a bench warrant issued. When he was found? COKE!

     Erickson argues that under Fisher, the court here could only issue a bench warrant if it had at minimum a “well-founded suspicion” that a violation of the terms of release had occurred. Id. at 232. While we agree with Erickson regarding the required standard, we conclude that in this case the issuing court did have a “well founded suspicion” that Erickson had violated the conditions of his release. Had the bench warrant here been issued immediately after the court received notice of the probation violation allegations, we might be more persuaded by Erickson’s argument. But one of the conditions of Erickson’s release was that he notify the court of any address change. The returned summons stated that Erickson had moved and had left no forwarding address. This alone provided the court with a well-founded suspicion that Erickson had violated the terms of release. The bench warrant was therefore valid and provided adequate authority of law to arrest Erickson.

Washington Supreme Court: Chimos can’t fraudulently transfer to avoid liability

January 22, 2010

Clayton v. Wilson

Mr. Wilson abused Clayton for a long time — that is, until he was caught. When out on bail before trial, he transferred 90% of his assets to his wife. The trial court voided the transfer and the Wilson’s were found jointly and severally liable. The joint and several liability is imposed as long as the abuse occurs during the conduct of community business. Here, that was Clayton cutting the lawn.

As to the fraudulent transfer:

Based on RCW 19.40.041(b)’s 11 factors, the facts of the present matter strongly suggest fraud in the Wilsons’ property transfer: The Wilsons were married, Mr. Wilson continued to live on one of the properties rent free after the transfer, the transfer occurred at breakneck speed between Mr. Wilson’s release from jail and eventual incarceration, Ms. Wilson received over 90 percent of the assets, the spouses knew and discussed their exposure to tort liability, Mr. Wilson gave no equivalent consideration for transferring the property, and the transfer left Mr. Wilson insolvent. Under the UFTA these factors overwhelmingly suggest fraudulence in the transfer.

Washington Supreme Court: No Harmless Error Analysis for Firearm Enhancements

January 15, 2010

State v. Williams-Walker

In a 6-3 decision, the Washington Supreme Court found that 5 year firearms enhancement violations do not get the benefit of a harmless error analysis. Williams-Walker was charged with Robbery and Murder (both 1st degree). The jury was presented with a verdict form that read, “[w]as the defendant armed with a deadly weapon at the time of the commission of the crime.”

If you’ll remember, you criminal law people, this has been blogged about previously. However, this was at the Court of Appeals. That jury instruction does not say “firearm”. It only says “deadly weapon”. The issue is whether this allows a court to do a harmless error analysis and keep the enhancement on despite not adhering to the letter of Blakely.

Held: There is no harmless error analysis on a sentencing enhancement under the Washington Constitution. If you want a firearms enhancement, the fact-finder has to specifically find a firearm was involved. Otherwise, you only get the deadly weapon enhancement.

Washington State Supreme Court: No Judicial Immunity for Obeying Judge’s Direction to Take Man to Jail

December 31, 2009

Lallas v. Skagit County

A Skagit deputy was summoned to the court and told, “[h]e needs to go to jail,” by the judge. The deputy was escorting him to jail when the man broke free, and was injured when laid out by court security. At issue was whether judicial immunity shielded the deputy and the security officer from tort liability. Immunity is generally applicable in the administration of a judicial function. The supreme court phrased the issue as whether judges normally escort people to jail, which they do not.

However, the issue, as it seems to me, is whether judges normally direct prisoners be taken into custody, which it seems they do. And actually taking them into custody is administration of that judicial function.

I am not one known for being conservative, by any stretch of the imagination. This time I think the court got it plain wrong.

Washington Supreme Court: No warrantless search of vehicle incident to arrest

December 31, 2009

State v. Buelna Valdez

In October of this year, The Prof posted a holding by the court that there had to be a nexus between the driver and the vehicle to perform a search incident to arrest. In State v. Patton, the court held:

Though we agree Patton was under arrest while he stood next to his car, the search incident to arrest exception requires a nexus between the arrestee, the vehicle, and the crime of arrest, implicating safety concerns or concern for the destruction of evidence of the crime of arrest. Because no such nexus existed here, we reverse the Court of Appeals. We hold that an automobile search incident to arrest is not justified unless the arrestee is within reaching distance of the passenger compartment at the time of the search, and the search is necessary for officer safety or to secure evidence of the crime of arrest that could be concealed or destroyed.

Fast forward to now, and we have Buelna Valdez arrested and put in the back of a patrol car on an outstanding warrant secondary to a taillight. The officer noticed floorboards loose and called a drug dog for the search. One guess what they found. However, because of the failure to wait for a warrant, the evidence is out.

Its a shame too, the car wasn’t going anywhere.

Washington Supreme Court: Federal Arbitration Act Preempts Judicial Enforcement Provision of Washington Condominium Act

December 31, 2009

Satomi Owners Ass’n v. Satomi, LLC

Because this is essentially three separate cases, I won’t go into the facts. They’re not important. The Washington Condominium Act (WCA), located at former RCW 64.34.100(2) (2005), amended by Laws of 2005, ch. 456, § 20 (effective Aug. 1, 2005, provides: “Except as otherwise provided in . . . chapter 64.35 RCW, any right or obligation declared by this chapter is enforceable by judicial proceeding.”

The Federal Arbitration Act provides:

A written provision in any maritime transaction or a contract evidencing a transaction involving commerce to settle by arbitration a controversy thereafter arising out of such contract or transaction, or the refusal to perform the whole or any part thereof, or an agreement in writing to submit to arbitration an existing controversy arising out of such a contract, transaction, or refusal, shall be valid, irrevocable, and enforceable, save upon such grounds as exist at law or in equity for the revocation of any contract.

Essentially, the Supreme Court (U.S., not the capital letters) has held that this evinces a national policy for the enforcement of contracts involving commerce. Why involving commerce and not affecting commerce? Who knows, but the top dawgs have said that they are essentially the same thing. If you remember from your Constitutional Law class, that gives a pretty wide stroke, and can involve an aggregate effect on commerce.

Given the wide stroke, it was found to apply, and to be in conflict with both the former and current WCA judicial enforcement provision insomuch as it provides for judicial enforcement concurrently with arbitration. If ADR doesn’t work, you still get the enforcement.

Washington Supreme Court: Sanai gets second shot at disciplinary hearing

December 31, 2009

In the Matter of the Disciplinary Proceeding Against Sanai

Sanai, an Oregon attorney, wanted to help his mother with her divorce. He was admitted to Washington. During the course of the litigation, which was termed “extremely acrimonious” by the court, the WSBA filed eight counts of misconduct related to pleadings in the litigation.

The kicker came when Sanai requested a continuance due to health issues, along with a note from his doctor. The hearing officer refused, stating that he could not read the note. Sanai returned with a signed statement from his doctor stating that he had severe hypertension, and beginning the trial before blood pressure medication took affect would be very dangerous. Sanai also testified via phone that his bloodpressure was high, and that he couldn’t remember what the exact pressure was on which date, but gave two readings he remembered.

This is where it gets weird. The hearing examiner wanted nothing to do with the medical continuance:

frankly does [sic] not have the ring of truth, in my judgment. There is no indication in that letter as to what the blood pressure is; and as I understand it, and as Mr. Sanai has indicated, the major symptom of hypertension is high blood pressure. I find it inconceivable that Mr. Sanai would not remember the blood pressure that was taken twice from him on Friday, April 13th in order to be able to testify as to what that is here today.

The court also went on to note the examiner’s questioning of the doctor’s declaration:

He went on to note that the doctor’s letter was not on letterhead and carried a “rather strange certification” when it said, “‘I declare under penalty of perjury.’” Id. (“That’s not a certification that I’m familiar with and certainly different from the one that is normally used in the state of Washington.”).

Just to be clear here, this is the certification that I use on all of my declarations:

I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of Washington that the foregoing is true and correct.

I’m having a little trouble distinguishing how the two are all that different. The hearing examiner also called into question the lack of letterhead of the doctor. Again, most of my declarations, regardless of the declarant, are submitted on plain ol’ bond paper.

As you can guess, the hearing examiner denied the continuance and proceeded without Sanai. The denial of a continuance is abuse of discretion. The court could in this case essentially review the same evidence de novo, the note, the declaration, and the telephone conversation.

Because the credibility assessment involves documents and a witness testifying by telephone, the hearing officer is not necessarily in a “better position to judge their veracity.”

     While a hearing officer’s discretionary decisions are entitled to great weight, this must be weighed against the right of a lawyer to be present to defend. In this case, [Sanai] provided a doctor’s note and detailed testimony as to his medical condition. Because “[a]ttorney disciplinary hearings must meet the requirements of due process,” we hold that the hearing officer abused his discretion by refusing to grant [Sanai] a continuance based on his medical condition so that he could attend and participate in the proceedings. In re Discipline of Meade, 103 Wn.2d 374, 381, 693 P.2d 713 (1985) (citing In re Ruffalo, 390 U.S. 544, 550, 88 S. Ct. 1222, 20 L. Ed. 2d 117 (1968); Metzenbaum, 22 Wn.2d at 79).

Remanded for a hearing with Sanai present. Unfortunately for Sanai, his attempt to subpoena judges as to the merits of his claims is out. Also out are several improper requests for admissions, which called for legal conclusions.

The dissent goes more into the merits of the underlying hearing, effectively saying: Sanai, you had your chance. If you’re looking to see the outcome of the hearing, my guess is this dissent will be cut and paste into the adoption of the hearing examiners findings and conclusions.


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